Crop Production and Management - Class 8 Science Notes
Class 8 Science - Crop Production and Management
Introduction
Crop production is the process of growing plants in large quantities for food, fiber, medicinal, and industrial use. It involves various methods and techniques to ensure a healthy and high-yielding harvest.
Major Practices in Crop Production
1. Preparation of Soil
- Loosening the soil allows better absorption of water and nutrients.
- Plowing/Tilling: Turning and loosening of soil for better air circulation.
- Levelling: Ensures uniform moisture and prevents erosion.
2. Sowing of Seeds
- Selection of high-quality seeds is important for good yield.
- Methods of Sowing: Broadcasting, Seed drills, Transplantation.
3. Adding Manure and Fertilizers
- Manure: Organic compost or cow dung to enrich soil.
- Fertilizers: Chemical nutrients (N, P, K) to boost plant growth.
4. Irrigation
- Traditional Methods: Moat (well system), Chain pump.
- Modern Methods: Sprinkler system, Drip irrigation.
5. Protection from Weeds
- Weeding is necessary to remove unwanted plants competing for nutrients.
- Methods include manual removal and chemical sprays.
6. Harvesting
- Cutting mature crops using tools or machines.
- Threshing: Separating grains from harvested crops.
- Winnowing: Removing husks using wind.
7. Storage of Crops
- Drying grains prevents fungal growth.
- Stored in silos or granaries to protect from pests and moisture.
Improvement in Crop Yield
1. Use of High-Yielding Seeds
2. Better Irrigation Facilities
3. Use of Fertilizers and Manures
4. Crop Rotation to maintain soil fertility
5. Prevention of Pests and Diseases